HIV I & II, Antigen & Antibody – by ELISA, Serum (H0014h)

Test Overview

The HIV I & II Antigen & Antibody test is a 4th generation ELISA-based screening test used for the early and accurate detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.

This test simultaneously detects:

• HIV-1 & HIV-2 antibodies

• HIV-1 p24 antigen

By identifying both antigen and antibodies, it significantly reduces the diagnostic window period, enabling earlier detection compared to older tests.

Why This Test is Important

Early detection of HIV is crucial for:

• Timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART)

• Preventing disease progression to AIDS

• Reducing transmission risk to others

• Monitoring high-risk individuals

When is This Test Recommended?

• After unprotected sexual exposure

• Needle-stick injuries or blood exposure

• Screening before surgery or blood donation

• During pregnancy (antenatal screening)

• Individuals with symptoms like:

  • Persistent fever

  • Unexplained weight loss

  • Chronic diarrhea

  • Recurrent infections

Sample Type

• Serum

Methodology

• ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
  A highly sensitive and specific laboratory technique for detecting HIV antigens and antibodies.

Preparation

• No fasting required

Reporting Time

• Typically 24 – 48 hours

Understanding the Results

Non-Reactive (Negative)

• No HIV antigen or antibodies detected

• May require repeat testing if exposure was recent (window period)

Reactive (Positive)

• Suggests possible HIV infection

• Requires confirmatory testing (e.g., Western Blot / PCR)

Key Advantages

• Detects infection earlier than antibody-only tests

• High sensitivity and specificity

• Suitable for routine screening and diagnostic purposes

Limitations

• False negatives may occur during very early infection

• Reactive results must always be confirmed with additional tests

Who Should Get Tested Regularly?

• Individuals with multiple partners

• Healthcare workers

• People with a history of STDs

• Partners of HIV-positive individuals

Clinical Significance

HIV attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells, weakening the body's ability to fight infections. Early diagnosis through this test helps in effective long-term management and improved quality of life.

Tags / Keywords

#HIVTest #ELISATest #HIVScreening #4thGenerationTest #AntigenAntibodyTest #BloodTest #LabDiagnostics #BiocareLabs #PreventiveHealth #EarlyDetection