Dengue IgM Antibody by ELISA, Serum – D0002c
Test Overview
The Dengue IgM Antibody by ELISA test is used to detect IgM antibodies against the dengue virus in serum. Presence of IgM antibodies indicates a recent or current dengue infection, typically appearing within 3–5 days after symptom onset.
Why This Test is Important
- Early confirmation of dengue infection
- Helps differentiate dengue from other febrile illnesses
- Supports timely clinical management
- Useful during outbreak surveillance
When is the Test Recommended?
This test is advised if a patient shows symptoms such as:
- High fever (sudden onset)
- Severe headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Joint and muscle pain
- Skin rash
- Mild bleeding (nose/gums)
Test Methodology
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Technique: ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
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Sample Type: Serum
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Detection: Dengue-specific IgM antibodies
Sample Requirements
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Specimen: Blood (Serum)
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Preparation: No fasting required
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Volume: 2–3 mL blood
Interpretation of Results
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Positive: Suggests recent dengue infection
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Negative: No detectable IgM antibodies (early infection cannot be ruled out)
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Equivocal: Repeat testing may be recommended
Turnaround Time
Clinical Significance
IgM antibodies are the first immune response produced after dengue infection. Their detection is crucial for:
- Early diagnosis
- Preventing complications such as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
- Monitoring disease progression
Limitations
- May give false-negative results in very early stages
- Cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses possible
- Should be correlated with clinical findings and other tests (NS1 antigen, IgG)
Suggested Additional Tests
- Dengue NS1 Antigen
- Dengue IgG Antibody
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
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